Etiology

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Etiology

1. Trauma-related

  • Low-energy falls (especially in elderly with osteoporosis).

  • High-energy trauma (e.g., motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries) in younger adults.

2. Pathological causes

  • Bone weakened by metastasis, cysts, or metabolic disease.

3. Iatrogenic

  • May occur during shoulder dislocation reduction or surgical manipulation.


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